Template:IPA chart/table vowels

	Front	[[Near-front vowel|Near-Template:Zwspfront]]	Central	[[Near-back vowel|Near-Template:Zwspback]]	Back
Close	•| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} •| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }}| 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} | 101 p =voiceless bilabial stop 101 408 p̪ =voiceless labiodental stop 102 b =voiced bilabial stop 102 408 b̪ =voiced labiodental stop 103 t =voiceless alveolar stop 103 408 103 + 408 t̪ =voiceless dental stop 104 d =voiced alveolar stop 104 408 104 + 408 d̪ =voiced dental stop t̠ʲ c̟ ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop d̠ʲ ɟ̟ ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop 105 ʈ =voiceless retroflex stop 106 ɖ =voiced retroflex stop 107 c =voiceless palatal stop 108 ɟ =voiced palatal stop k̟ =voiceless prevelar stop 109 k =voiceless velar stop 110 ɡ =voiced velar stop k̠ =voiceless postvelar stop 111 q =voiceless uvular stop 112 ɢ =voiced uvular stop 173 ʡ =epiglottal stop 113 ʔ =glottal stop 114 m =bilabial nasal m̥ =voiceless bilabial nasal 115 ɱ =labiodental nasal 116 408 116 + 408 n̪ =dental nasal 116 n =alveolar nasal n̥ =voiceless alveolar nasal n̠ =postalveolar nasal n̠ʲ ɲ̟ ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal 117 ɳ =retroflex nasal ɳ̊ ɳ̥ =voiceless retroflex nasal 118 ɲ =palatal nasal ɲ̊ ɲ̥ =voiceless palatal nasal 119 ŋ =velar nasal ŋ̥ ŋ̊ =voiceless velar nasal 120 ɴ =uvular nasal 116 407 116 + 407 n̼ =linguolabial nasal 126 ɸ =voiceless bilabial fricative 127 β =voiced bilabial fricative 128 f =voiceless labiodental fricative 129 v =voiced labiodental fricative 130 θ =voiceless dental fricative 130 (414) 130 414 θ̱ =voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative 131 ð =voiced dental fricative 138 ç =voiceless palatal fricative 139 ʝ =voiced palatal fricative 140 x =voiceless velar fricative 141 ɣ =voiced velar fricative x̠ =voiceless postvelar fricative ɣ̄ ɣ̠ =voiced postvelar fricative 142 χ =voiceless uvular fricative 143 ʁ =voiced uvular fricative 144 ħ =voiceless pharyngeal fricative 145 ʕ =voiced pharyngeal fricative 172 ʜ =voiceless epiglottal fricative 174 ʢ =voiced epiglottal fricative 146 h =voiceless glottal fricative 147 ɦ =voiced glottal fricative h̃ =Voiceless nasal glottal approximant ɭ˔̊ ɬ̢ =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative 157 402A 429 ʎ̥˔ =voiceless palatal lateral fricative 158 429 402A ʟ̝̊ =voiceless velar lateral fricative 158 429 ʟ̝ =voiced velar lateral fricative β̞ =bilabial approximant 150 ʋ =labiodental approximant ð̞ =dental approximant 151 ɹ =alveolar approximant 152 ɻ =retroflex approximant 153 j =palatal approximant ȷ̃ =nasal palatal approximant 154 ɣ̞ ɰ =velar approximant 155 l =alveolar lateral approximant l̪ =dental lateral approximant l̥ =voiceless alveolar lateral approximant l̠ʲ ʎ̟ ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant 156 ɭ =retroflex lateral approximant 157 ʎ =palatal lateral approximant 158 ʟ =velar lateral approximant 209 ɫ =velarized alveolar lateral approximant 169 hw ʍ =voiceless labio-velar approximant 170 w =labio-velar approximant 170 424 w̃ =nasal labio-velar approximant 171 ɥ =labial-palatal approximant 121 ʙ =bilabial trill 122 r =alveolar trill r̥ =voiceless alveolar trill ɼ r̝ =raised alveolar trill 105 101 122 ​ɽ͡r ɽ͡r =retroflex trill 123 ʀ =uvular trill ᴙ я =epiglottal trill 184 413 ⱱ̟ =bilabial flap 184 ⱱ =labiodental flap 124 ɾ =alveolar tap 125 ɽ =retroflex flap 112 505 112 + 505 ɢ̆ =uvular flap 173 432 173 + 432 ʡ̯ =epiglottal flap 181 ɺ =alveolar lateral flap ɺ̠ ɺ̢  =retroflex lateral flap ʎ̯ =palatal lateral flap ʟ̆ =velar lateral flap 148 ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral fricative 149 ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral fricative  =voiceless retroflex lateral fricative  =voiceless palatal lateral fricative  =voiceless velar lateral fricative 132 s =voiceless alveolar sibilant 132 (414) 132 414 s̺ =voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant 133 z =voiced alveolar sibilant 134 ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant 135 ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar sibilant 136 ʂ =voiceless retroflex sibilant 137 ʐ =voiced retroflex sibilant 160 ɓ =voiced bilabial implosive 162 ɗ =voiced alveolar implosive ᶑ =voiced retroflex implosive 164 ʄ =voiced palatal implosive 166 ɠ =voiced velar implosive 168 ʛ =voiced uvular implosive ƥ =voiceless bilabial implosive ƭ =voiceless alveolar implosive ƈ =voiceless palatal implosive ƙ =voiceless velar implosive ʠ =voiceless uvular implosive 101 401 101 + 401 pʼ =bilabial ejective 103 401 408 103 + 401 + 408 t̪ʼ =dental ejective 165 103 401 103 + 401 tʼ =alveolar ejective 107 401 107 + 401 cʼ =palatal ejective 109 401 109 + 401 kʼ =velar ejective 111 401 111 + 401 qʼ =uvular ejective 132 401 132 + 401 sʼ =alveolar ejective fricative ʈʼ =retroflex ejective fʼ =labiodental ejective fricative θʼ =dental ejective fricative ɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective fricative xʼ =velar ejective fricative χʼ =uvular ejective fricative 103 148 401 103 (148) 401 ƛ’ t͡ɬʼ t͜ɬʼ tɬʼ =alveolar lateral ejective affricate tʃʼ t͜ʃʼ t͡ʃʼ =palato-alveolar ejective affricate pf p̪f p͡f p̪͡f =voiceless labiodental affricate bv b̪v b͡v b͜v b̪͡v =voiced labiodental affricate 103 132 103 (132) ʦ ts t͜s t͡s =voiceless alveolar affricate 103 132 401 t͡sʼ tsʼ =alveolar ejective affricate ʣ dz d͜z d͡z =voiced alveolar affricate 103 (134) 103 134 t̠ʃ ʧ tʃ t͜ʃ t͡ʃ =voiceless palato-alveolar affricate 104 (135) 104 135 d̠ʒ ʤ dʒ d͜ʒ d͡ʒ =voiced palato-alveolar affricate 215 t̠ɕ ʨ tɕ t͜ɕ t͡ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate 216 d̠ʑ ʥ dʑ d͜ʑ d͡ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal affricate 105 (136) 105 136 ʈʂ t͡ʂ t͜ʂ tʂ ʈ͡ʂ =voiceless retroflex affricate tʂʼ t͡ʂʼ ʈʂʼ ʈ͡ʂʼ =retroflex ejective affricate 106 (137) 106 137 ɖʐ dʐ d͜ʐ ɖ͜ʐ d͡ʐ ɖ͡ʐ =voiced retroflex affricate 108 (139) 108 139 ɟ͡ʝ ɟʝ =voiced palatal affricate 107 (138) 107 138 c͡ç cç =voiceless palatal affricate kx k͡x k͜x =voiceless velar affricate qχ q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate kxʼ k͜xʼ k͡xʼ =velar ejective affricate 103 (148) 103 148 ƛ tɬ t͜ɬ t͡ɬ =voiceless alveolar lateral affricate 104 (149) 104 149 dɮ d͜ɮ d͡ɮ =voiced alveolar lateral affricate c͡ʎ̥ cʎ̥ c͜ʎ̥ c͡ʎ c͜ʎ cʎ c c͡ʎ̥˔ cʎ̥˔ c͜ʎ̥˔ c͜ c͡ =voiceless palatal lateral affricate c͡ʼ c͜ʼ cʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ =palatal lateral ejective affricate k͡ʟ̝̊ k k͜ k͡ =voiceless velar lateral affricate kʟ̝̊ʼ k͡ʼ k͜ʼ kʼ =velar lateral ejective affricate 182 ɕː ɕ =voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant 183 ʑː ʑ =voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant 175 ɧ =sj-sound 109 (101) 109 101 kp k͡p =voiceless labial-velar stop 110 (102) 110 102 ɡb ɡ͡b =voiced labial-velar stop 119 (114) 119 114 ŋm ŋ͡m =labial-velar nasal 176 =bilabial click ʘ ᵏʘ kʘ =voiceless bilabial click 177 =dental click ʇ ǀ ᵏʇ ᵏǀ kʇ kǀ =voiceless dental click 178 =alveolar click ʗ ǃ ᵏʗ ᵏǃ kʗ kǃ =voiceless alveolar click 179 =palatal click ǂ ᵏǂ kǂ =voiceless palatal click 180 =alveolar lateral click ʖ ǁ ᵏʖ ᵏǁ kʖ kǁ =voiceless alveolar lateral click ǀ̬ ʇ̬ ᶢǀ ᶢʇ ɡǀ ɡʇ =voiced dental click ǀ̃ ʇ̃ ᵑǀ ᵑʇ ŋǀ ŋʇ =dental nasal click ǀ̃ˀ ʇ̃ˀ ǀˀ ʇˀ ᵑǀˀ ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ǀˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ ŋ̊ǀˀ ŋ̊ʇˀ ŋǀˀ ŋʇˀ =glottalized dental nasal click ǃ̬ ʗ̬ ᶢǃ ᶢʗ ɡǃ ɡʗ =voiced alveolar click ǃ̃ ʗ̃ ᵑǃ ᵑʗ ŋǃ ŋʗ =alveolar nasal click ǃ̃ˀ ʗ̃ˀ ǃˀ ʗˀ ᵑǃˀ ᵑʗˀ ᵑ̊ǃˀ ᵑ̊ʗˀ ŋ̊ǃˀ ŋ̊ʗˀ ŋǃˀ ŋʗˀ =glottalized alveolar nasal click ǁ̬ ʖ̬ ᶢǁ ᶢʖ ɡǁ ɡʖ =voiced alveolar lateral click ǁ̃ ʖ̃ ᵑǁ ᵑʖ ŋǁ ŋʖ =alveolar lateral nasal click ǁ̃ˀ ʖ̃ˀ ǁˀ ʖˀ ᵑǁˀ ᵑʖˀ ᵑ̊ǁˀ ᵑ̊ʖˀ ŋ̊ǁˀ ŋ̊ʖˀ ŋǁˀ ŋʖˀ =glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click ǂ̬ ᶢǂ ɡǂ =voiced palatal click ǂ̃ ᵑǂ ŋǂ =palatal nasal click ǂ̃ˀ ǂˀ ᵑǂˀ ᵑ̊ǂˀ ŋ̊ǂˀ ŋǂˀ =glottalized palatal nasal click ʘ̬ ᶢʘ ɡʘ =voiced bilabial click ʘ̃ ᵑʘ ŋʘ =bilabial nasal click ʘ̃ˀ ʘˀ ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ ŋ̊ʘˀ ŋʘˀ =glottalized bilabial nasal click ǃ˞ ‼ =voiceless retroflex click ǃ̬˞ ᶢǃ˞ ɡǃ˞ ‼̬ ᶢ‼ ɡ‼ =voiced retroflex click ǃ̃˞ ᵑǃ˞ ŋǃ˞ ‼̃ ᵑ‼ ŋ‼ =retroflex nasal click ǃ̃˞ˀ ǃ˞ˀ ᵑǃ˞ˀ ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ ŋ‼ˀ ŋǃ˞ˀ ŋ̊‼ˀ ᵑ̊‼ˀ ᵑ‼ˀ ‼̃ˀ ‼ˀ =glottalized retroflex nasal click 301 i iː =close front unrounded vowel 309 y yː =close front rounded vowel 317 ɨ ɨː =close central unrounded vowel 318 ʉ ʉː =close central rounded vowel 316 ɯ ɯː =close back unrounded vowel 308 u uː =close back rounded vowel 319 ɪ ɪː =near-close near-front unrounded vowel 320 ʏ ʏː =near-close near-front rounded vowel 319 415 ᵻ ɪ̵ ɪ̈ =near-close central unrounded vowel 321 415 318 430 ʉ̞ ʊ̵ ʊ̈ =near-close central rounded vowel 321 ʊ ʊː =near-close near-back vowel 302 e eː =close-mid front unrounded vowel 302 430 ᴇ e̞ ɛ̝ =mid front unrounded vowel 310 ø øː =close-mid front rounded vowel 397 ɘ =close-mid central unrounded vowel 323 ɵ ɵː =close-mid central rounded vowel 315 ɤ ɤː =close-mid back unrounded vowel 307 o oː =close-mid back rounded vowel 307 430 ɔ̝ o̞ =mid back rounded vowel 322 ə əː =mid-central vowel 303 ɛ ɛː =open-mid front unrounded vowel 311 œ œː =open-mid front rounded vowel 326 ɜ ɜː =open-mid central unrounded vowel 395 ɞ =open-mid central rounded vowel 314 ʌ ʌː =open-mid back unrounded vowel 306 ɔ ɔː =open-mid back rounded vowel 325 æ æː =near-open front unrounded vowel 324 ɐ ɐː =near-open central vowel 304 a aː =open front unrounded vowel 304 415 a̠ ä äː =open central unrounded vowel 312 ɶ =open front rounded vowel 305 ɑ ɑː =open back unrounded vowel 313 ɒː ɒ =open back rounded vowel 310 430 ø̞ =mid front rounded vowel 315 430 ɤ̞ =mid back unrounded vowel ◌ʼ ʼ 401=ejective consonant ◌̥ ̥ 402A =voiceless s̬ t̬ ◌̬ ̬ 403 =voice (phonetics) pʰ tʰ t̪ ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ tsʰ tʃʰ tʂʰ ʈʂʰ tɕʰ tɬʰ kxʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ʂʰ ʈ͡ʂʰ t͡ɕʰ t͡ɬʰ k͡xʰ ◌ʰ ʰ 404 =aspiration (phonetics) b̤ d̤ ɡ̈ ◌̤ ̤ bʱ dʱ d̪ʱ ɡʱ ɖʱ dʒʱ d͡ʒʱ dzʱ d͡zʱ dʐʱ d͡ʐʱ ɖʐʱ ɖ͡ʐʱ dʑʱ d͡ʑʱ ◌ʱ ʱ 405 =breathy voice 406 a̰ b̰ ◌̰ ̰ =creacky voice ̼ 407 =linguolabial consonant ̪ 408 =dental consonant ̺ 409 =apical consonant ̻ 410 =laminal consonant ̹ 411 =roundedness ̜ 412 =roundedness ̟ 413 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̠ 414 =relative articulation#Advanced and retracted ̈ 415 =relative articulation#Centralized vowels ̽ 416 =relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel ̘ 417 =advanced and retracted tongue root ̙ 418 =advanced and retracted tongue root 419 322 419 322 + 419 ɚ ɝ ɝː =R-colored vowel 420 kʷ ɡʷ xʷ ɣʷ ŋʷ qʷ ɢʷ ɴʷ χʷ ʁʷ ◌ʷ ʔʷ pʷ bʷ kpʷ tsʷ dzʷ tʃʷ dʒʷ kxʷ ɡɣʷ qχʷ ɢʁʷ sʷ zʷ ʂʷ ʐʷ fʷ vʷ ħʷ ʕʷ hʷ ɦʷ ʷ =labialization 421 ◌ʲ ʲ =palatalization 422 ◌ˠ ˠ =velarization 423 sˤ zˤ tˤ dˤ θˤ ðˤ ɮˤ lˤ kˤ ʔˤ ◌ˤ ˤ =pharyngealization 424 æ̃ ɒ̃ ə̃ ɨ̃ ɪ̃ ʊ̃ ø̃ ʏ̃ ʉ̃ ɤ̃ ɯ̃ ɑ̃ ɛ̃ œ̃ ɔ̃ ã ẽ ĩ õ ũ ɐ̃ ỹ =nasal vowel ◌̃ ̃ =nasalization ◌ⁿ ⁿ 425 =nasal release dˡ ◌ˡ ˡ 426 =lateral release (phonetics) d̚ ◌̚ ̚ 427 =no audible release ◌ˀ ˀ =glottalization ◌̴ ̴ 428 =Velarization e̝ ɹ̝ ̝ ˔ 429 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered e̞ β̞ ̞ ˕ 430 =relative articulation#Raised and lowered ŋ̍ ŋ̩ n̩ m̩ r̩ ɹ̩ l̩ ◌̩ ̩ 431 =syllabic consonant . =syllabification u̯ i̯ y̯ ʊ̯ ɪ̯ ʏ̯ e̯ o̯ ◌̯ ̯ 432 =semivowel aʊ aɪ ɔɪ oʊ eɪ =diphthong ᶣ =labio-palatalization 501 ˈ =stress (linguistics) 502 ˌ =secondary stress 503 504 ˑ ː =length (phonetics) 505 ̆ ə̆ =extra-short 519 523 ˩ ˨ ˧ ˦ ˥ =tone letter 517 ꜜ◌ ꜜ =downstep 518 ꜛ◌ ꜛ =upstep ∅ =zero (linguistics) 601 =bidental percussive 602 =velopharyngael fricative 603 =lateralised [s] 604 =lateralised [z] 611 =IPA 612 * =IPA 901 [ 902 ] 903 / 906 ( 907 ) =IPA 999 _ =IPA vowel chart/sandbox = #default = }} Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair •[[Template:IPAsym|Template:Strip whitespace/1]][[Template:IPAsym|Template:Strip whitespace/1]] Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair Template:IPA vowel chart/vowelpair
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Mid
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