Nelson Mandela

Ibat king Wikipedia
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela OM AC CC OJ GCStJ QC GCH BR RSO NPK
Nelson Mandela on the eve of his 90th birthday in Johannesburg in May 2008.
I Mandela anyang Mayo 2008
Pamuntuk ning Mauling Aprika
Deputy Thabo Mbeki
F. W. de Klerk
Elilan neng F. W. de Klerk
Elilan neng Thabo Mbeki

Mibait 18 Juliu 1918(1918-07-18)
Mvezo, Cape Province, South Africa
Mete 5 Disiembri 2013 (maki edad a 95)
Houghton, Johannesburg, Mauling Aprika
Lagiu kabait Rolihlahla Mandela
Bangsa Mauling Aprikanu
Partido political African National Congress
Asawa Evelyn Ntoko Mase
(m. 1944–1957; migdiborsyu)
Winnie Madikizela
(m. 1958–1996; migdiborsyu)
Graça Machel
(m. 1998–2013; ing kematia'na)
Ának Template:Plain list
Tuknangan Houghton Estate, Johannesburg, Gauteng, Mauling Aprika
Pípagaralan  University of Fort Hare
University of London External System
University of South Africa
University of the Witwatersrand
Relihyun Christianity (Methodism)
Pirma Signature of Nelson Mandela
Karinan king Aptas (Website) www.nelsonmandela.org

I Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA[xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]) (18 Julio 1918 – 5 Diciembre 2013) metung yang Mauling Aprikanung rebolusyonaryung kontra-apartheid a mekulung, at kaybat meging pulitikung migsilbi antimong Pamuntuk ning Mauling Aprika manibat 1994 anggang 1999. Ya ing mumunang matuling a South African a lukluk king pwestung ita, ampo ing mumunang miyalal king pangkabilugan a alalan a ganap a manalal pekakatawan. Tinutuk ya ing kayang kapamahalan king pamangalag king pamana ning apartheid kapamilata'ning pamanyamasan king makutkut ampong makabalangkas king sistemang rasismu o mababa paglalawe ampong pamanuring kareng e maputi, kakalulwan, ampong e pamipante-pante, ampo ing pamipalaganap king pamikasundu da reng lahi. King pulitika, metung yang nasyonalistang Aprikanu ampong nasyonalistang demokratiku, at migsilbi yang Pamuntuk ning African National Congress]] (ANC) manibat 1991 anggang 1997. King internasyunal a pamiugnayan, i Mandela ing Pangkabilugang Kalihim (Secretary General) ning Pangimut a Alang Papanigan (Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement) manibat 1998 anggang 1999.

Dalerayan[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]

Footnotes[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]

Bibliography[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]

Battersby, John (2011). "Mandela: The Authorised Biography". in Anthony Sampson. Mandela: The Authorised Biography. London: HarperCollins. pp. 587–610. ISBN 978-0007437979. 
Ellis, Stephen (2011). "The Genesis of the ANC's Armed Struggle in South Africa 1948–1961". Journal of Southern African Studies 37 (4): 657–676. doi:10.1080/03057070.2011.592659. 
Guiloineau, Jean (2002). Nelson Mandela: The Early Life of Rolihlahla Mandiba. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 9–26. ISBN 1-55643-417-0. 
Herbst, Jeffrey (2003). "The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics". in Theodore K. Rabb, Ezra N. Suleiman. The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics. London: Routledge. pp. 206–224. ISBN 978-0415933810. 
Mafela, Munzhedzi James (2008). "Indigenous Biography and Autobiography". in Anna Haebich, Frances Peters-Little, Peter Read. Indigenous Biography and Autobiography. Sydney: Humanities Research Centre, Australian National University. http://epress.anu.edu.au/aborig_history/indigenous_biog/mobile_devices/ch08.html#d0e6318. 
Houston, Gregory; Muthien, Yvonne (2000). "Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999". in Yvonne Muthien, Meshack Khosa and Bernard Magubane. Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council Press. pp. 37–68. ISBN 978-0796919700. 
Kalumba, Kibujjo M. (1995). "The Political Philosophy of Nelson Mandela: A Primer". Journal of Social Philosophy 26 (3): 161–171. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9833.1995.tb00092.x. 
Mandela, Nelson (1994). Long Walk to Freedom Volume I: 1918–1962. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0754087236. 
Mandela, Nelson [1994] (2004). Long Walk to Freedom Volume II: 1962–1994 (large print edition). London: BBC AudioBooks and Time Warner Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0754087243. 
Muthien, Yvonne; Khosa, Meshack; Magubane, Bernard (2000). "Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999". in Yvonne Muthien, Meshack Khosa and Bernard Magubane. Democracy and Governance Review: Mandela's Legacy 1994–1999. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council Press. pp. 361–374. ISBN 978-0796919700. 
Meredith, Martin (2010). Mandela: A Biography. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1586488321. 
Sampson, Anthony [1999] (2011). Mandela: The Authorised Biography. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0007437979. 
Smith, David James (2010). Young Mandela. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0297855248. 

Suglung palwal[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]

|- style="text-align:center;" |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
F. W. de Klerk
as State President of South Africa |width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"|Pamuntuk ning Mauling Aprika
1994–1999 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki |- |- |- ! colspan="3" style="background: #FFBF00;" | Party political offices

|- style="text-align:center;" |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
Oliver Tambo |width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"|President of the African National Congress
1991–1997 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki |- |- |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Elilan neng
{{{after}}} |- |- style="text-align:center;" |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Minuna kaya
Andrés Pastrana Arango |width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"|Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement
1998–1999 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Menalili kaya
Thabo Mbeki |- |}