View source for Amanung Hapones

{{Infobox Language
|name=Japanese |nativename=日本語 ''Nihongo''
|familycolor=Isolate
|caption=''Nihongo'' (''Japanese'') in [[Japanese writing system|Japanese script]]
|image=[[File:Nihongo.png|center|50px|日本語 (Japanese language)]]
|states=Majority: [[Japan]]<br />Small community: [[Brazil]] (~1.5 million), [[United States]] (~1.2 million. esp. [[Hawaii]]), [[Peru]] (~88,000), [[Australia]] (53,000~. esp. [[Sydney]]), [[Taiwan]] (16,000~20,000), [[Philippines]] (13,000), [[Guam]] (2000~). [http://www.stat.go.jp/data/sekai/zuhyou/0217.xls]
|speakers=130 million [http://www.nvtc.gov/lotw/months/march/Japanese.html]
|rank=9
|fam1=Unclassified: perhaps an [[Altaic languages|Altaic]] language or a language isolate 
[[Japonic languages|Japonic]]
|script=[[Japanese writing system|Japanese logographs and syllabaries]]
|nation={{JPN}}<br />{{PLW}} <sup>[[#Geographic distribution|[1]]]
|agency=None<br />[[Government of Japan|Japanese government]] plays major role
|iso1=ja|iso2=jpn|iso3=jpn}}

Ing {{nihongo|'''Hapon'''|日本語|3={{Audio|ja-nihongo.ogg|Nihongo}}}}, '''Hapon''' o '''Apon''', metung yang amanung gagamitan da reng maygit king dinalan atlumpung miliun (130,000,000) a tau king [[Japan]] ampo kareng comunidad da reng Japon a minalis kareng myayaliwa nang dake ning yatu. Metung yang amanung tuglung-tuglung (agglutinative) at makikilala kapamilata'ning metung a komplikadung kaparalanan o sistema da reng amanung pamye-galang (honorifics) a sasalamin king kauryan nang herarkikal (mapipitna agpang king katas o kabilyan king sociedad) ning sociedad a Japon. Atin yang alkus (form) o uri ning pandiwa ampong particular a kataya ba yang makilala ing kabilyan o katas ning magsalita, makiramdam ampong taung pisasabyan. Ditak la mu deng uri ring katni (sound) ning Japon, at sistema da reng tonu at gegeng babye pamiyaliwa kareng amanu (lexically distinct [[Japanese pitch accent|pitch-accent]] system). Ing balu tamu tungkul king Japon ketang minuna keraklan makabasi ketang kabilyan na ketang kawalung siglu (dilanwa), nung kapilan la misulat deng atlung pekamaulagang kasulatan ning Matwang Japon (Old Japanese); nanupata, ating mas ditak a a kasulatan a mas matwa, at keraklan pakadukit (inscriptional) la reti. Ibat ya king metung a kasulatan ibat Chinang kanitang 252 A.D. ing mumunang pangabanggit da reng katayang Japon. 

Misusulat ya ing amanung Japon kapamilatan da reng atlung uring sulat a abe-yabeng magagamit: [[w:Chinese characters|sulat Isic]] o ''[[kanji]]'', ampong adwang uring sulat a [[w:syllabary|silabariu]], ing ''[[hiragana]]'' ampo ing ''[[katakana]]''. Magagamit ya mu naman ing [[w:Latin alphabet|alpabetung Latino]] o ''[[rōmaji]]'' king makabayung Japon, lalu na kareng lagyu ra ampong sagisag deng cumpania, patalastas (advertising), ampo king pamanyulat o pamagpalub ning amanung Japon king computer. Keraklan, deng nomirung [[w:Arabic numerals|Arabu]] a gagamitan da kareng bansa ning Albugan (Western) ing gagamitan da, dapot maralas la muring magagamit deng nomirung [[w:Sino-Japanese|Japon ibat China]]

Maragul ing ambag da king Japon deng katayang indam ibat kareng aliwang amanu. Misna lang dakal deng katayang ibat king [[Chinese language|Isic (amanu)]], o milalang basi kareng amanung Isic, kilub ning libu limang dalan (1,500) a banwa. Manibat anyang tawli nang dake ning kalabingsyam (19th) a siglu o dilanwa, dakal ne ayandam a yamanu ing Japon ibat kareng [[w:Indo-European languages|amanung Indo-European]], keraklan king [[Ingles (amanu|Ingles)]]. Uli ning espesial a pamiugnayan ning Japan ampong Holland ketang kalabingpitung (17th) a dilanwa, maragul ing influencia ning amanung [[w:Dutch language|Olandes]] o Dutch, nung nu la meyandam deng katayang ''bīru'' (ibat king ''bier''; "[[w:beer|beer]]") ampong ''kōhī'' (ibat king ''koffie''; "[[w:coffee|kape]]"). 

== Pamitinduk-tinduk (Classification) ==

{{main|Japanese language classification}}
Mikakasundu la reng [[w:historical linguistics|historical linguist]] o talapagaral king kasalesayan ning amanung makatutuk king amanung Hapon a metung ya kareng adwang kayanib king familiang amanung [[Japonic languages|Japonic]]; ing [[w:Ryūkyūan languages|Ryūkyūan]] itang metung. Nanupata, deng aliwa, tuturing dong dialectu ning Hapon deng salita kareng islang [[w:Ryukyu Islands|Ryūkyū]], uling e pa malino nung makananu la at kapilan miras kareng islang deta deng magsalita kareti. 

E pa malino ing kaugnayan ning pamilyang Japonic kareng aliwang amanu. Dakal nong pepamunikalang teorya, a miyuyugne kaniti kareng dakal a aliwang amanu ampong pamilya, kayabe no reng mapilang amanung mewala na (extinct) a sadyang gagamitan da reng culturang milabas king Korea; ing [[Koreanu (amanu)]]; deng [[w:Altaic languages|amanung Altaic]]; ampo reng [[w:Austronesian languages|amanung Austronesian]], at dakal pang aliwa. Atin muring magmunikalang metung yang [[amanung creole]] a nung nu la misasanib deng maygit metung kareti. King salukuyan, ala pang teoryang tatanggapan da reng keraklan, at mapalyaring malwat deng pidibatian ing bageng iti. 

== Pamikalat king yatu ==
Lipat ning halus king Japan ya mu magagamit ing Hapon, sadya reng gagamitan kareng aliwang lugal, at kanita at angga pa ngeni. Anyang sinakup ne ning Japan ing Korea, [[Taiwan]] ampo reng mapilang isla ning Dayatmalat a Pacifico bayu at anyang malilyari ing [[Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan]], pinilit dong manigaral Hapon deng tau kareng [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere|bansang deta]] king pamitikdo nang imperio ning Japan. Uli na niti, angga anyang decadang 1970, dakal kareng bansang deti ing makapagsalitang Hapon bukud kareng sarili rang amanu. Maralas, gagamit lang Hapon antimong mumunang amanu deng comunidad a Hapon a minalis kareng aliwang bansa. Atyu king [[Brazil]] ing pekamaragul kareti. Atin murin king [[Peru]], [[Argentina]], [[Australia]] (lalu na king [[Sydney]], [[Brisbane]], ampong [[Melbourne]], ampo king America (lalu na king [[California]] ampong [[Hawaii]]).Ating malating comundiad da reng minalis king [[Davao]], [[Filipinas]], nung nu dakal la reng Filipinung maki lahing Hapon, bukud pa king [[Laguna]] at aliwa lugal king Filipinas. Maki adwang dalan, apat a pulu't limang libu, limang dalan labing walung (245,518) king Japan, bukud pa karetang mikyasawang memalen a Hapon. Makapagsalita lang Hapon deti. Nanupata, malagad la mung makapagsalitang masalese king Hapon deng karelang palipi, yawsan dang ''[[nikkei]]'' 日系, literal a paliping Hapon o "Japanese descendants"). Bukud kareti, tatantyan dang ating maki pilang milyung e Hapon a manigaral Hapon; yampang de ing amanu kareng pipagaralan a elementarya ampong sekundarya.

=== Kabilyan a opisyal ===
Ing Hapon ing amanu nang opisyal a ''de facto'' king Japan, a ya kabud bansa king yatu nung nukarin iti ing magagamit a opisyal a yamanu. Ating metung a uri ning amanung tuturing dang yang tutukyan (standard): {{nihongo|''hyōjungo''|標準語|}}, Hapon a tutukyan (standard Japanese), o {{nihongo|''kyōtsūgo''|共通語|}}, amanung pangeganagana (common language). Halus milulupa la kabaldugan deng adwang katayang deti. Ing ''Hyōjungo'' ampo ing ''kyōtsūgo'' metung yang conceptung katulid ning dialectu. Ining amanung gagawan Migmula ya ining amanung gagawang batayan (normative) kaybat ning after Meiji Restoration {{nihongo|''meiji ishin''|明治維新|}} (1868) at makabasi king amanung magagamit king dake nang babo (uptown) ning [[Tokyo]] uli ning pamangaylangang mikayntindi.Gagamitan de kareng eskuwelal, telebisyon ampong komunikasyun ning kapamahalan ing ''hyōjungo'', a yang uri ning Hapon yang pisasabyan king articulung iti.

Sadya-sadya, aliwa ya king king karaniwang amanung Hapon ({{nihongo|''kōgo''|口語|}}, "colloquial language" o "amanung karaniwan" king amanung tutukyan king pamanyulat ({{nihongo|''bungo''|文語|}}, "amanu ning panyulat" o "literary language"). Myaliwa la garalita (gramatica) deng adwang sistema, at atin la muring pamiyaliwa kareng karelang kataya. Ing ''bungo'' ing manimunang uri ning Hapon a magagamit neng susulat angga anyang manga 1900. Manibat kanita, bagya-bagya yang mesikan ing ''kogo'', at pareu dong gagamitan king pamanyulat deng adwa angga anyang dekadang 1940. Gagamitan de pa murin ing ''bungo'' deng talasulat amlat (historian), talapanigaral king panyulat (literary scholars) ampo reng abugadu (makasulat la pa murin king ''bungo'' deng dakal a leyi o batas a menatili kaybat ning [[Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan|gera]], dapot taglus-taglus ing pamagpursiging ibayu ya ing amanu). Ing ''kōgo'' ig keraklan dang gagamitan king pamanyulat Hapon ngeni, dapot lulub da neng kayi ing ''bungo'' king makabayung Hapon nung atin lang buring iparas a epektu.

== Lon la murin deti ==
{{Wikibookspar||Japanese}}
* [[Romanization of Japanese]]
** [[Hepburn romanization]]
* [[Henohenomoheji]]
* [[Ryūkyūan languages]]
* [[Japanese culture]]
* [[Japanese dialects]]
* [[Japanese language and computers]]
* [[Japanese literature]]
* [[Japanese name]]
* [[Late Old Japanese]]
* [[Old Japanese]]
* The lists of [[Wiktionary:Category:Japanese language|Japanese words]] and [[Wiktionary:Category:Japanese derivations|words in other languages that have been derived from Japanese]] at [[Wiktionary]], the free dictionary and Wikipedia's sibling project
* [[Japanese dictionaries]]
* [[Sino-Japanese]]
* [[Yojijukugo]]
* [[Japanese numerals]]
* [[Japanese counter word]]
* [[Rendaku]]

== Suglung palwal ==
{{Wiktionarylang|code=ja}}
{{interwiki|code=ja}}

* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=jpn Ethnologue report for language code JPN]
* [http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/wwwjdic.html Jim Breen's dictionary and translation server]
* [http://buna.arts.yorku.ca/japanese/eljp/ejlecnotes.html Video lectures from York University]
* {{PDFlink|[http://brng.jp/50renshuu.pdf Kana Copybook]|290&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 297366 bytes -->}}
* [http://JapanOD.com JapanOD.com], Japanese-English, English-Japanese dictionary with support for browsers without Japanese fonts
* [http://www.dicts.info/dictlist1.php?l=Japanese Collection of Japanese bilingual dictionaries]
* [http://www.shotokai.com.br/akser-curso-de-japones.html AKSER Brasil - Let´s Learn Japanese - Videos] {{Wayback|url=http://www.shotokai.com.br/akser-curso-de-japones.html |date=20090202181422 }}

[[Category:Japanese language| ]]
[[Category:Hapon amanu| ]]