Amanung Hapones

Japanese ; 日本語 Nihongo
Nihongo (Japanese) in Japanese script:	日本語 (Japanese language)
Magagamit king:	Majority: Japan; Small community: Brazil (~1.5 million), United States (~1.2 million. esp. Hawaii), Peru (~88,000), Australia (53,000~. esp. Sydney), Taiwan (16,000~20,000), Philippines (13,000), Guam (2000~). [1]
Total speakers:	130 million [2]
Ranking:	9
Language family:	Unclassified: perhaps an Altaic language or a language isolate Japonic; Japanese
Writing system:	Japanese logographs and syllabaries
Official status
Official language of:	; Palau [1]
Regulated by:	None; Japanese government plays major role
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	ja
ISO 639-2:	jpn
ISO 639-3:	jpn
	Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key.

Ing Hapon (日本語, Nihongo (help·info)^?), Hapon o Apon, metung yang amanung gagamitan da reng maygit king dinalan atlumpung miliun (130,000,000) a tau king Japan ampo kareng comunidad da reng Japon a minalis kareng myayaliwa nang dake ning yatu. Metung yang amanung tuglung-tuglung (agglutinative) at makikilala kapamilata'ning metung a komplikadung kaparalanan o sistema da reng amanung pamye-galang (honorifics) a sasalamin king kauryan nang herarkikal (mapipitna agpang king katas o kabilyan king sociedad) ning sociedad a Japon. Atin yang alkus (form) o uri ning pandiwa ampong particular a kataya ba yang makilala ing kabilyan o katas ning magsalita, makiramdam ampong taung pisasabyan. Ditak la mu deng uri ring katni (sound) ning Japon, at sistema da reng tonu at gegeng babye pamiyaliwa kareng amanu (lexically distinct pitch-accent system). Ing balu tamu tungkul king Japon ketang minuna keraklan makabasi ketang kabilyan na ketang kawalung siglu (dilanwa), nung kapilan la misulat deng atlung pekamaulagang kasulatan ning Matwang Japon (Old Japanese); nanupata, ating mas ditak a a kasulatan a mas matwa, at keraklan pakadukit (inscriptional) la reti. Ibat ya king metung a kasulatan ibat Chinang kanitang 252 A.D. ing mumunang pangabanggit da reng katayang Japon.

Misusulat ya ing amanung Japon kapamilatan da reng atlung uring sulat a abe-yabeng magagamit: sulat Isic o kanji, ampong adwang uring sulat a silabariu, ing hiragana ampo ing katakana. Magagamit ya mu naman ing alpabetung Latino o rōmaji king makabayung Japon, lalu na kareng lagyu ra ampong sagisag deng cumpania, patalastas (advertising), ampo king pamanyulat o pamagpalub ning amanung Japon king computer. Keraklan, deng nomirung Arabu a gagamitan da kareng bansa ning Albugan (Western) ing gagamitan da, dapot maralas la muring magagamit deng nomirung Japon ibat China

Maragul ing ambag da king Japon deng katayang indam ibat kareng aliwang amanu. Misna lang dakal deng katayang ibat king Isic (amanu), o milalang basi kareng amanung Isic, kilub ning libu limang dalan (1,500) a banwa. Manibat anyang tawli nang dake ning kalabingsyam (19th) a siglu o dilanwa, dakal ne ayandam a yamanu ing Japon ibat kareng amanung Indo-European, keraklan king Ingles). Uli ning espesial a pamiugnayan ning Japan ampong Holland ketang kalabingpitung (17th) a dilanwa, maragul ing influencia ning amanung Olandes o Dutch, nung nu la meyandam deng katayang bīru (ibat king bier; "beer") ampong kōhī (ibat king koffie; "kape").

Pamitinduk-tinduk (Classification)

Pun bulung: Japanese language classification

Mikakasundu la reng historical linguist o talapagaral king kasalesayan ning amanung makatutuk king amanung Hapon a metung ya kareng adwang kayanib king familiang amanung Japonic; ing Ryūkyūan itang metung. Nanupata, deng aliwa, tuturing dong dialectu ning Hapon deng salita kareng islang Ryūkyū, uling e pa malino nung makananu la at kapilan miras kareng islang deta deng magsalita kareti.

E pa malino ing kaugnayan ning pamilyang Japonic kareng aliwang amanu. Dakal nong pepamunikalang teorya, a miyuyugne kaniti kareng dakal a aliwang amanu ampong pamilya, kayabe no reng mapilang amanung mewala na (extinct) a sadyang gagamitan da reng culturang milabas king Korea; ing Koreanu (amanu); deng amanung Altaic; ampo reng amanung Austronesian, at dakal pang aliwa. Atin muring magmunikalang metung yang amanung creole a nung nu la misasanib deng maygit metung kareti. King salukuyan, ala pang teoryang tatanggapan da reng keraklan, at mapalyaring malwat deng pidibatian ing bageng iti.

Pamikalat king yatu

Lipat ning halus king Japan ya mu magagamit ing Hapon, sadya reng gagamitan kareng aliwang lugal, at kanita at angga pa ngeni. Anyang sinakup ne ning Japan ing Korea, Taiwan ampo reng mapilang isla ning Dayatmalat a Pacifico bayu at anyang malilyari ing Kadwang Gerang Pangkabilugan, pinilit dong manigaral Hapon deng tau kareng bansang deta king pamitikdo nang imperio ning Japan. Uli na niti, angga anyang decadang 1970, dakal kareng bansang deti ing makapagsalitang Hapon bukud kareng sarili rang amanu. Maralas, gagamit lang Hapon antimong mumunang amanu deng comunidad a Hapon a minalis kareng aliwang bansa. Atyu king Brazil ing pekamaragul kareti. Atin murin king Peru, Argentina, Australia (lalu na king Sydney, Brisbane, ampong Melbourne, ampo king America (lalu na king California ampong Hawaii).Ating malating comundiad da reng minalis king Davao, Filipinas, nung nu dakal la reng Filipinung maki lahing Hapon, bukud pa king Laguna at aliwa lugal king Filipinas. Maki adwang dalan, apat a pulu't limang libu, limang dalan labing walung (245,518) king Japan, bukud pa karetang mikyasawang memalen a Hapon. Makapagsalita lang Hapon deti. Nanupata, malagad la mung makapagsalitang masalese king Hapon deng karelang palipi, yawsan dang nikkei 日系, literal a paliping Hapon o "Japanese descendants"). Bukud kareti, tatantyan dang ating maki pilang milyung e Hapon a manigaral Hapon; yampang de ing amanu kareng pipagaralan a elementarya ampong sekundarya.

Kabilyan a opisyal

Ing Hapon ing amanu nang opisyal a de facto king Japan, a ya kabud bansa king yatu nung nukarin iti ing magagamit a opisyal a yamanu. Ating metung a uri ning amanung tuturing dang yang tutukyan (standard): hyōjungo (標準語^?), Hapon a tutukyan (standard Japanese), o kyōtsūgo (共通語^?), amanung pangeganagana (common language). Halus milulupa la kabaldugan deng adwang katayang deti. Ing Hyōjungo ampo ing kyōtsūgo metung yang conceptung katulid ning dialectu. Ining amanung gagawan Migmula ya ining amanung gagawang batayan (normative) kaybat ning after Meiji Restoration meiji ishin (明治維新^?) (1868) at makabasi king amanung magagamit king dake nang babo (uptown) ning Tokyo uli ning pamangaylangang mikayntindi.Gagamitan de kareng eskuwelal, telebisyon ampong komunikasyun ning kapamahalan ing hyōjungo, a yang uri ning Hapon yang pisasabyan king articulung iti.

Sadya-sadya, aliwa ya king king karaniwang amanung Hapon (kōgo (口語^?), "colloquial language" o "amanung karaniwan" king amanung tutukyan king pamanyulat (bungo (文語^?), "amanu ning panyulat" o "literary language"). Myaliwa la garalita (gramatica) deng adwang sistema, at atin la muring pamiyaliwa kareng karelang kataya. Ing bungo ing manimunang uri ning Hapon a magagamit neng susulat angga anyang manga 1900. Manibat kanita, bagya-bagya yang mesikan ing kogo, at pareu dong gagamitan king pamanyulat deng adwa angga anyang dekadang 1940. Gagamitan de pa murin ing bungo deng talasulat amlat (historian), talapanigaral king panyulat (literary scholars) ampo reng abugadu (makasulat la pa murin king bungo deng dakal a leyi o batas a menatili kaybat ning gera, dapot taglus-taglus ing pamagpursiging ibayu ya ing amanu). Ing kōgo ig keraklan dang gagamitan king pamanyulat Hapon ngeni, dapot lulub da neng kayi ing bungo king makabayung Hapon nung atin lang buring iparas a epektu.