View source for Leukocyte

[[File:SEM blood cells.jpg|thumb|right| Metung a letratu ning daya ning taung mamagus lalam ning [[scanning electron microscope]]. Bukud kareng leukocyte (korpuskulos a maputi) a e para-pareu tabas, mayayakit la reng erythrocyte (korpuskulos a maputi) ampo reng [[platelet]] a mangalating tabas-pinggan .]]

Deng '''leukocyte''' o '''korpuskulos a maputi''', [[cell]] no ning [[immune system]] a mamingwa o magprotekta king katawan laban kareng [[w:infectious disease|sakit ibat kareng mikrobius]] ampong bageng e karapatdapat king katawan. Dakal la at miyayaliwa deng leukocyte, dapot deti ngan melalang la ibat king metung a [[w:multipotent|multipotent]] cell king [[w:bone marrow|utak ning butul]] a ausan dang [[hematopoietic stem cell]]. Mayayakit la reng leukocyte king mabilug a katawan, kayabe ne ing [[daya]] ampo ing [[lymphatic system]]. 

Keraklan, mayayakit ya ing sakit king bilang da reng leukocyte king daya. Keraklan, ing bilang da reti atyu king pilatan ning 4×10<sup>9</sup> ampong 11×10<sup>9</sup> a korpuskulos a malutu king metung a [[litru]]ng daya, o manga metung a porsientu (1%) ning daya ning taung atyu king ustung edad ampong pamikakatawan.<ref name="alberts_table">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&rid=mboc4.table.4143|title=Leukocyte functions and percentage breakdown|accessdate=2007-04-14|publisher=NCBI Bookshelf|year=2005|author=Alberts, Bruce|work=Molecular Biology of the Cell}}</ref> Kareng sakit anti ing [[leukemia]], mas matas ya kesa king karaniwan ing bilang da reng leukocyte, at nung [[leukopenia]] naman, mas mababa ne man. Mamaliwa la reng pisikal a kaurian (physical properties) antimo reng dagul, kagiwan magdalang kurienti (conductivity), ampong pangagaspang (granularity) uli ning panga-aktibu da reti, ing panga-atyu o presensia da reng cell a e pa matua (immature), o ing presensia da reng malignant a leukocyte.   

== Penibatan ning kataya (etymology) ==
Melalang ya ing katayang "korpuskulos a maputi" o "White Blood Cell" uling kaibat ning [[w:centrifugation|centrifugation]] ning daya, mayayakit la reng mangaputing cell king 
''[[Buffy coat]]'', metung a maimpis a tumpak (layer) da reng cell king pilatan da reng korpuskulos a malutu o erythrocyte ampo ing [[w:blood plasma|plasma ning daya]], a keraklan kule maputi. Keni ya ibat ing terminung  ''leukocyte'', a mekua king  ''leukos'' - maputi, ampong ''kytos'' - cell. Maliari yang maging aluntian ing [[w:blood plasma|plasma ning daya]] nung dakal la reng neutrophil, uling king enzyme a maki [[heme]], ing [[myeloperoxidase]], a gagawan da reti.         

== Uri ==
Miyayaliwa lang uri deng korpuskulos a maputi. Dakal ing kareng pamiyawig, oneng miyayaliwa la reti. Ing metung a paralan ning pamitinduk-tinduk (classification) kareti, yapin ing pamanintun kareng [[w:Granule (cell biology)|binutil]] (granules), anya apikawani ta la reti kareng [[granulocyte]] ampong [[agranulocyte]].    
Deng '''granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leucocytes):''' deng leukocyte a a maki [[w:Granule (cell biology)|binutil]] (granules) a aliwa pangakule (differently staining) king karelang cytoplasm neng lalon la lalam ning light microscope. Deting granule, enzyme lang padurutan dang membrane a keraklan magagamit king pamaglaso kareng mangalating bageng me-[[endocytosis|endocytose]] o inakmul ning cell. Atlu lang uri deng granulocyte: deng [[neutrophil]], [[basophil]] ampng eosinophil]], a mipalagyuan agpang o basi king maliliari karela neng mikukulayan la (staining properties).

* '''Deng agranulocyte (mononuclear leucocytes):''' Deng leukocyte a makikilala uling laltong ala lang [[w:Granule (cell biology)|binutil]] o granule king karelang cytoplasm. Lipat ning ala lang granule basi king karelang lagyu, atin lang e makukulayan a [[azurophilic granules]] deti, a lysosome<ref>{{Cite book
|last = Gartner
|first = Leslie P.
|last2=Hiatt
|first2=James L.
|year=2007
|pages=p. 225
|title=Color Textbook of Histology
|edition=3rd
|publication-place = Philadelphia, PA
|place= ,China
|publisher=SAUNDERS Elsevier
|isbn=978-1-4160-2945-8}}</ref>. Kayabe la reti deng [[lymphocyte]], [[monocyte]], ampong [[macrophage]].

=== Overview table ===
{|class="wikitable"
! Type !! Microscopic Appearance !! Diagram !! Approx. %<br />in adults<ref name="isbn0-443-01657-7">{{cite book |author=Daniels, Victor G.; Wheater, Paul R.; Burkitt, H. George |title=Functional histology: a text and colour atlas |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=1979 |pages= |isbn=0-443-01657-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><br /><sup> See also:<br />[[Blood values#Hematology|Blood&nbsp;values]] !! Diameter ([[micrometre|μm]])<ref name="isbn0-443-01657-7"/> !! Main targets<ref name="alberts table">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&rid=mboc4.table.4143|title=Leukocyte functions and percentage breakdown|accessdate=2007-04-14|publisher=NCBI Bookshelf|year=2005|author=Alberts, Bruce|work=Molecular Biology of the Cell}}</ref> !! Nucleus<ref name="alberts table"/> !! Granules<ref name="alberts table"/> !! Lifetime<ref name="isbn0-443-01657-7"/>
|- 
! [[Neutrophil]] 
| [[File:pBNeutrophil.jpg|75px]] || [[File:Neutrophil.png|75px]] || 40-75% || 10-12 || 
* [[bacteria]] 
* [[fungi]] 
| [[multilobed]] || mapinu, maputlang panga-lare || 6 oras-mapilang aldo<br />(aldo king [[lape]] ampo kareng aliwang tissue)
|- 
| [[Eosinophil]] |||| [[File:Eosinophil2.png|75px]] || 1-6% || 10-12 || 
* [[w:parasite|parasitiku]] 
* in [[w:allergic]] a reaksiyon   
| [[bi-lobed]] || mitmung kule malare-dalandan (neng mekulayan) || 8-12 aldo
|- 
| [[Basophil granulocyte|Basophil]] || [[File:PBBasophil.jpg|75px]] || [[File:Basophil.png|75px]] || <1% || 9-10 || 
* in [[w:allergic]] a reaksiyon  
|bi- or tri-lobed || maragul a iro (asul) || ?
|- 
| [[Lymphocyte]] || [[File:Lymphocyte2.jpg|75px]] || [[File:Lymphocyte.png|75px]] || 20-45% || 7-8 || 
* [[B cell]]: miyayaliwang [[w:pathogen|mikrobius a magdalang sakit]]
* [[T cell]]:
** [[CD4|CD4+]] ([[helper T cell|helper]]): bacteria king kilub ning cell. 
** [[CD8|CD8+]] [[cytotoxic T cell|cytotoxic]] T cells: cell a liban dang [[w:virus(biology)|virus]] ampong [[tumor]] cell. 
** [[gamma/delta T cells|γδ T cell]]: 
* [[Natural killer cell]]s: cell a liban dang [[w:virus(biology)|virus]] ampong [[tumor]] cell.
| malalam mikukulayan, e makasentru || bukud mung NK-cells <ref name=T4> Semester 4 medical lectures at Uppsala University 2008 by Leif Jansson</ref> || duminggu anggang banua
|- 
| [[Monocyte]] ||  || [[File:Monocyte.png|75px]] || 2-6% ||rowspan=2| 14-17 ||rowspan=2| miyayaliwang || katabas-batu (kidney) ||rowspan=2| none || bulan-banua
|- 
| [[Macrophage]] || [[File:Macrophage.jpg|75px]] || [[File:Macrophage.png|75px]] || N/A || || aldo
|}

=== Neutrophil ===
{{Main|Neutrophil}} 
Deng neutrophil magagamit la king pamamingua (defense) laban kareng impeksiun o sakit a daralan da reng [[bacteria]] o [[fungi]] at aliwa pang panibatan ning pamangalbag (inflammatory processes), keraklan, ila ing mumunang mag-respondi king impeksiun ibat kareng mikrobius. Lálto ing [[nana]] uling king aktibidad da reng dakal a neutrophil. Ausan da la muring polymorphonuclear leukocyte ampong microphage. Ibat ya ing lagyung microphage uling king aktibu rang pamakiabe deti king phagocytosis o pamanakmul dang bage deti. Maki nucleus lang multilobed o dakal tela-balugbug a maglupang dakal a nucleus: keti ya menibat ing katayang name polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Malyari yang luntong malino ing cytoplasm uling kareng mangapinung binutil o granule a maki ditak a kuleng malare. Aktibu la reng neutrophil king pamag-phagocytose kareng bacteria, at dakal la reti kareng sugat. Nanupata, e la miyayalilan deng kareng lysosome a magagamit king pamaglaso kareng mikrobius a inakmul da - iti ing sangkan nung bakit mayayakit la reti keraklan king nana, at e king laman. 

=== Eosinophil ===
{{Main|Eosinophil}}
Ing manimuna dang papil deng eosinophil ing pamaglaban kareng impeksiun da reng [[parasitiku]], at ita ing malyaring kabaldugan nung darakal la reti. Deng eosinophil murin ing mag-domina neng makadanas yang allergy ing tau. Ing maralas diling sangkan ning eosinophilia ila pin deng asthma (mausang o sisigasig), hay fever, ampong hives, ampo deng impeksiun da reng parasitiku. Keraklan, bi-lobed (maki adua yang tela-balugbug) ing nucleus. Mitmu yang granule ing cytoplasm, a mikukulan ketang kuleng malare-dalandan nung nu la makikilala neng kukulayan dong eosin.  

=== Basophil ===
{{Main|Basophil granulocyte}}
Ing pekamaulaga dang papil deng basophil ya pin ing reaksiyon a [[allergic]] ampong [[antigen]] kapamilatan ning pamagpalual king kemikal a [[histamine]], a sangkan ning [[pamangalbag]] (inflammation). Ing nucleus bilobed ya o trilobed (adua ya o atlu tela-balugbug) dapot masákit yang paintunan uling king karakal da reng mangagaspang a granule o binutil a tatakap kaniti.  
Makikilala la reti kareng mangaragul dang granule a kule iro (asul)

=== Lymphocyte ===
{{Main|Lymphocyte}}
Mas dakal la reng lymphocyte king lymphatic system. Makikilala la reti king nucleus a malalam kule neng makukulayan (stained) ya, at e makasentru pangabili iti king cytoplasm, a malati mu. Atlu lang uri deng lymphocyte:  
* Deng [[B cell]]: Gagawa lang [[w:antibody|antibody]] deng B cell; deting antibody, tataid la kareng mikrobius ba lang maliaring siran deti. (E la mu gagawang [[w:antibody|antibody]] deng B cell a tataid kareng mikrobius, nun e kaibat ning ataki da reti, ating B cells a makagawa pa muring antibody para kaniti, at iti magsilbi yang paralan ba yang tandanan iti.)
* Deng [[T cell]]:
** Deng [[CD4|CD4+]] ([[helper T cell|helper]]) T cells panibalan de ing immune response o pakibat ning immune system, at maulaga la king pamaglaban kareng bacteria kilub ning cell.
** Deng [[CD8|CD8+]] [[cytotoxic T cell|cytotoxic]] T cell agyu rong paten deng cell a miluban virus ampong  reng [[tumor]] cell. 
** Deng [[gamma/delta T cells|γδ T cell]] atin lang alternatibung T cell receptor, e anti kareng CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cell, at kayawig do reng helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell ampong natural killer cell. 
* Deng [[Natural killer cell]]: Deng natural killer cell agyu deng paten deng cell ning katawan a sesenyas a paten da la, uling miluban la king [[w:virus (biology)|virus]] o megi lang [[cancer]]ous.

=== Monocyte ===
{{Main|Monocyte}}
Kalupa da reng neutrophil, magsilbi la antimong "vacuum cleaner" (kapamilatan ning [[phagocytosis]]) deng monocyte, oneng atin lang karagdagang papil: mgadala (present) lang kapirasu da reng mikrobius kareng T cell, ba rong akilalang pasibayu at paten deti, o ba yang makapanablas ing katawan kapamilatan da reng antibody. King lambatan, mamako lang king daralanan daya deng monocyte, at magi lang tissue macrophage a maglako kareng pira-pirasu da reng meteng cell ampong mikrobius. E anti kareng neutrophil, agyu dong alilan deng monocyte deng laman dang lysosome, at paniwalan dang mas maluat lang magagamit deti. Atin lang nucleus a maki tabas-batu (kidney-shaped), at keraklan ala lang binutil (agranulated). Dakal ing karelang cytoplasm.

=== Macrophage ===
{{Main|Macrophage}}
Kabud meko la king daralanan ning daya papunta king laman o tissues ning katawan, manaliwa la itsura deti (differentiate), ba lang arapat ing [[w:phagocytosis]], at kanita mayayaus lang [[macrophage]].

== Deng panulung panibatan ning leukopenia ==
Ating panulung makayapektu king bilang da ampong obra deng korpuskulos a maputi o leukocyte. Ing [[leukopenia]] ing pangabawas ning bilang da reng korpuskulos a maputi, a mamapektu king pangkabilugan a bilang da reng korpuskulos a deti, o king metung a partikular a uri da reng korpuskulos a maputi. Alimbawa, mayayaus [[neutropenia]] ing kabilian nung mababa la reng [[neutrophil]], at [[lymphopenia]] naman nung deng [[lymphocyte]] ing meritak. Kayabe la kareng panulung magdalang leukopenia deng [[clozapine]], metung a panulung [[w:antipsychotic]] a maki e karaniwan a epektung panibatan ning pangawala da ren ngang granulocyte (neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil). Maliari na la muring panibatan ning leukopenia deng panulu antimo deng [[w:immunosuppression|immunosuppressive]] drug, anti ing [[sirolimus]], [[mycophenolate mofetil]], [[tacrolimus]], ampo ing [[cyclosporine]]. Makanyan la murin deng [[interferon]] a magagamit king pamanulu king [[multiple sclerosis]], antimo ing [[Rebif]], [[Avonex]], ampo ing [[Betaseron]].   

== Deng leukocyte a makapirmi (e maglakbe) ==
Ating leukocyte a pupunta kareng tissue ning katawan at magpirmi na la mu karin, imbes na manatili la king daya. Keraklan, atin lang sariling lagyu deti dependi nung nu la tutuknang. Alimbawa, deng macrophage a makabili king ate mayayaus lang [[Kupffer cell]]. Atin la pa muring papil king immune system deng cell a reti. 
* [[Histiocyte]]s
* [[Dendritic cell]]s
* [[Mast cell]]s
== Karagdagan a larawan ==
<gallery>
 Image:Illu blood cell lineage.jpg|Ing penibatan da reng miyayaliwang korpuskulos ning daya
</gallery>

== Lon la murin deti ==
* [[Leukoreduction]]
* [[Lymphadenitis]]
* [[Phagocytosis]]

== Pikuanan ==
{{reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==
* {{Dorlands|l_07|12485996}}
* {{MeshName|Leukocytes}}

{{Blood}}
{{Immune_system}}

[[Category:Leukocytes| ]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immune system]]
[[Category:Blood tests]]