Dunhuang
| — County-level city — | |
敦煌市 |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Bangsa | Maldang Republika ning Tsina |
|---|---|
| China | Gansu |
| Lakanbalen a kadaneng prefecture | Jiuquan |
| Katas/kabilian | 3,747 ft (1,142 m) |
| Populasiun (2000) | |
| - Kabilugan | 187,578 |
| - Populasiun Pangasiksik | Expression error: Unexpected < operator./sq mi (Expression error: Unexpected round operator./km2) |
| Time zone | CST (UTC+8) |
Ing Dunhuang (Chinese: 敦煌; pinyin: Dūnhuáng, a ausan da muring simplified Chinese: 炖煌; traditional Chinese: 燉煌; pinyin: Dūnhuáng anyang minunang panaun, mangabaldugan yang 'Milalablab a Sulu' o 'Blazing Beacon') metung yang lakanbalen a kadaneng kondadu (county-level city) (pop. 187,578 (2000)) king pangulu albugan a dake ning lalawigan ning Gansu, albugang Maldang Republika ning Tsina. Metung yang manimunang tutuknangan king Silk Road kanitang minuna. Balu de murin king lagyung Shāzhōu (沙州) o 'Lakanbalen ning Balas' o 'City of Sands',[1] "o Dukhan anti ing aus da reng Turkis."[2] Pikabalwan yang dili uling kareng Lukib a Dunhuang Caves (Dunhuang Caves) a malapit keti.
Footnotes
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]Dalerayan
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]- Baumer, Christoph. 2000. Southern Silk Road: In the Footsteps of Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin. White Orchid Books. Bangkok.
- Beal, Samuel. 1884. Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang. 2 vols. Trans. by Samuel Beal. London. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969.
- Beal, Samuel. 1911. The Life of Hiuen-Tsiang by the Shaman Hwui Li, with an Introduction containing an account of the Works of I-Tsing. Trans. by Samuel Beal. London. 1911. Reprint: Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi. 1973.
- Bonavia, Judy (2004): The Silk Road From Xi'an to Kashgar. Judy Bonavia – revised by Christoph Baumer. 2004. Odyssey Publications.
- Cable, Mildred and Francesca French (1943): The Gobi Desert. London. Landsborough Publications.
- Hill, John E. 2003. "Annotated Translation of the Chapter on the Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu." 2nd Draft Edition.[1]
- Hill, John E. 2004. The Peoples of the West from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢: A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE. Draft annotated English translation. [2]
- Hill, John E. (2009). Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge, Charleston, South Carolina. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.
- Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
- Legge, James. Trans. and ed. 1886. A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms: being an account by the Chinese monk Fâ-hsien of his travels in India and Ceylon (AD 399-414) in search of the Buddhist Books of Discipline. Reprint: Dover Publications, New York. 1965.
- Lovell, Julia (2006). The Great Wall : China against the World. 1000 BC — AD 2000. Atlantic Books, London. ISBN 978-1-84354-215-5.
- Skrine, C. P. (1926). Chinese Central Asia. Methuen, London. Reprint: Barnes & Noble, New York. 1971. ISBN 416-60750-0.
- Stein, Aurel M. 1907. Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford. [3]
- Stein, Aurel M. 1921. Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China, 5 vols. London & Oxford. Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980. [4]
- Watson, Burton (1993). Records of the Grand Historian of China. Han Dynasty II. (Revised Edition). New York, Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08167-7
- Watters, Thomas (1904–1905). On Yuan Chwang's Travels in India. London. Royal Asiatic Society. Reprint: 1973.
Suglung palwal
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]
Ing Wikimedia Commons atin yang mediang maki kaugnayan kang/king:
- Crescent Lake
- Echoing-Sand Mountain
- The International Dunhuang Project Archived Juliu 20, 2011 at the Wayback Machine - includes tens of thousands of digitised manuscripts and paintings from Dunhuang, along with historical photographs and archival material
- British Museum: A Christian figure, ink and colours on a fragment of silk from Dunhuang
- Dunhuang Collection at the British Museum
- Dunhuang Collection at the National Museum of India
- Images and travelling impressions - in Spanish