View source for Erythrocyte

Deng '''erythrocyte''' o '''korpuskulos a malutu''' ('''red blood cell''' king Ingles) ila reng dakal diling [[korpuskulos]], a ila muring manimunang paralan ning pamagparla king [[oxygen]] kareng katawan da reng [[vertebrate]] manibat kareng [[baga]] o [[asang]].<ref>Laura Dean. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=rbcantigen.TOC&depth=2 ''Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens'']</ref>

[[File:redbloodcells.jpg|right|frame|Deng erythrocyte o korpuskulos a malutu da reng tau]] 
 
Ausan da la muring '''RBCs''', '''haematids''' o '''erythrocytes''' deng korpuskulos a malutu (itang tauli, ibat ya king from [[w:Greek language|Griego]]ng ''erythros'' para king "malutu" ampng ''kytos'' para king "alang laman king kilub" ("hollow"); ing ''cyte'', keraklan lilikas deng "cell" ngeni). 

Ing '''schistocyte''' metung yang korpuskulos a malutung kasalungsungang mapipitna (cell fragmentation), o metung yang dakeng mebangal ning metung a korpuskulos a malutu. 

== Deng erythrocyte da reng vertebrate ==
[[File:Red White Blood cells.jpg|thumb|Manibat kaili anggang wanan: deng [[erythrocyte]], [[Platelet|thrombocyte]], ampong [[leukocyte]] ning tau.]]
Keraklan, bibilugan dong [[hemoglobin]] deng erythrocyte. Iti metung yang komplikadung [[molecule]] a maki grupung [[heme]], nung nu pansamantala lang misusuglung king oxygen dang atom ning [[iron]] kareng baga o asang, at tatabili ra o darake king mabilug a katawan. Malagua yang milabas (mag[[w:diffusion|diffuse]]) ing oxygen king [[w:cell membrane|cell membrane]] da reng korpuskulos a malutu. Darala na murin ibat kareng tissue ing peka-basura ibat kareng tissue, ing [[carbon dioxide]]. (Kareng tau, makalaso (held in solution) king [[w:blood plasma|plasma ning daya]] ing kulang king aduang porsientu [2%] ning oxygen, at keraklan king carbon dioxide). Ating compound a kayawig na niti, ing [myoglobin]], a manyinup king oxygen kareng [[cell]] da reng muscle. 
 
Ibat king grupu nang heme o heme group ning hemoglobin ing kule da reng erythrocyte. Nung ita mu kabud [[w:blood plasma|plasma ning daya]], kakule yang are iti, dapot manaliwa la kule deng korpuskulos a malutu dependi king kabilian ning hemoglobin. Nung makataid ya iti king oxygen, malutu yang malutu itang kombinasiun a ausan dang oxyhemoglobin, at nung mitabili ne man itang oxgen, mas matuling (darker) yang bagya iti, at mayasul-asul o kayawig yang iro (bluish) ya itsura, nung mayayakit ya iting tataglus king kilual ning uyat ampong balat. Gagamitan ning [[pulse oxymetry]] iting pamanaliwa king kule ba yang sukdang diretsu ing [[w:oxygen saturation|pangakatmu nang oxygen]] ning daya da reng artery kapamilatan da reng paralan a [[w:colorimetric|colorimetric]]. 

Metung yang maulagang takbang king [[w:evolution|pamanalkus]] da reng vertebrate ing pamaglulan (sequestration) da reng protinang magdalang oxygen kareng partikular (specialized) a cell (imbes na makalaso la o dissolved king likido ning katawan o body fluid). Uli na niti, mipalyari ing dayang e masyadung marayuput, mas masiksik a pamagdala king oxygen, ampong mas masaleseng pamikalat (diffusion) ning oxygen manibat king daya papunta kareng tissue. Tutung maragul ing pamiyayaliwa da reng erythrocyte kareng miyayaliwang species da reng vertebrate. Keraklan, mas maragul yang metung a kapat o beinti singku porsientu (25%) ing karaniwan a lapad da reng erythrocyte kesa king lapad ning [[capillary]]. Ukulan dang sasalese ing pamanalis ning oxygen manibat kareng erythrocyte papunta kareng tissue uli na niti.<ref name=snyder>{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1093/icb/39.2.189
| volume = 39
| issue = 2
| pages = 189-198
| last = SNYDER
| first = GREGORY K.
| coauthors = BRANDON A. SHEAFOR
| title = Red Blood Cells: Centerpiece in the Evolution of the Vertebrate Circulatory System
| journal = American Zoologist
| date = 1999-04-01
| url = http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/39/2/189
}}</ref>

Kareng vertebrate, bukud mung deng ice fishes (family [[Channichthyidae]]) ing balu rang e gagamit erythrocyte para king pamagdala king oxygen. Mabibie la reti king danum a marimla at mitmung oxygen, at mikakalat ya ing oxygen king karelang katawan ibat king karelang daya, nung nu ya daretsung makalaso iti.<ref>Ruud, J. T. 1954. Vertebrates without erythrocytes and
blood pigment. ''Nature'' 117:848-850.</ref>
 
Kanitang 2007, mibalitang atin la muring papil king [[w:immune response|immune response]] ning katawan deng erythrocyte: neng lalasawan ([[lysis]]) do reng bacteria deti, magpalual yang [[w:free radical|free radical]] ing karelang hemoglobin, a maglasak king cell wall ampong cell membrane ning mikrobius a magdalang sakit, at uli na niti, mamamate ya iti.<ref>[http://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/eventlist/happenings/details/2007/dingSTsep07.pdf Red blood cells do more than just carry oxygen. New findings by NUS team show they aggressively attack bacteria too.], ''[[The Straits Times]]'', 1 September 2007</ref><ref> 	
Jiang N, Tan NS, Ho B, Ding JL.	Respiratory protein-generated reactive oxygen species as an antimicrobial strategy. ''Nature Immunology'', 26 August 2007. PMID 17721536.</ref>

== Deng erythrocyte da reng mammal ==
''Anucleate'' la potang matua (mature) na la reng erythrocyte kareng mammal. Ing buri nang sabian niti, ala lang [[cell nucleus]], at uli na niti, ala lang [[DNA]]. Atin lang nucleus potang umpisa ning kareng pamanalkus dening korpuskulos a malutu, dapat lulual de iti bang lalung mipagyu ing hemoglobin. Kumpara kaniti, atin lang nucleus deng erythrocyte da reng alus eganaganan [[vertebrate]]; ing ala mu deng [[w:salamander|salamander]] ning genus a  ''[[Batrachoseps]]''.<ref>W. D. Cohen. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/q88qv27q77620746/ The cytomorphic system of anucleate non-mammalian erythrocytes.]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Protoplasma'', vol 113 no 1, February 1982</ref> Mawawala la murin deng aliwang organelle da reng erythrocyte da reng mammal, alimbawa deng karelang [[w:mitochondrion|mitochondria]]. Uli na niti, ''ala'' lang gagamitan deng korpuskulos a malutu ketang oxygen a daralan da; gagawa la ketang pikukuanan enerhia, ing [[ATP]], kapamilatan ning [[w:fermentation (biochemistry)|fermentation]], kapamilatan ning [[glucose]] a tutukian ning pamangawang  [[lactic acid]]. Karagdagan kaniti, ala lang [[insulin receptor deng korpuskulos a malutu, at e dadalan king insulin ing pamangamit dang glucose. Uling ala lang nucleus ampong organelle, e la maglalang [[RNA]] deti, anya e ra agyung pitnan o larinan ing sarili da.

Mangabilug lang tela-pinggan a makikulkul misusumangid deng erythrocyte da reng mammal, at nung bangalan la, katabas lang dumbbell. Uli ning tabas a iti (pati ing pangawala da reng organelle ampong nucleus), lalu yang maging bage king pamaglibeng oxygen king kayang paligid ing cell. Uling mababaluktut (flexible) la reng cell, mipagyu la kareng [[capillary]], nung nu ra lulual o tatabili itang daralan dang oxygen. Mabilug la tabas deng erythrocyte, liban kareng [[kameliu]] ibat king famiy [[Camelidae]], nung nu la tulungkaba (oval) deti.   

Kareng mangaragul a uyat, malyari lang mayakit a anting tumpak-tumpak (stack) deng korpuskulos a malutu, nung nu makatuglung ya itang gilid nang pitpit ning metung ketang metung. Ausan dang ''rouleaux formation'' iti. Mas malilyari ing anti kaniti nung matas ing lebel da reng aliwang protina ning serum, alimbawa neng malilyari ing pamang[[albag]]. 

Magsilbi yang simpanan o lulanan korpuskulos a malutu ing [[lape]], dapot e masiadung maliliari iti kareng tau. Samantala, kareng aliwang animal, alimbawa kareng [[asu]] ampong [[kabayu]], manipun yang dakal a erythrocyte ing lape, at bubugnus no king daya deti neng panaun alimbawa ning sobrang pagal (exertion stress), anya mas dakal ing oxygen a malyaring nang dalan ning daya.

[[File:Gray453.png|thumb|400px|Deng erythrocyte: (a) manibat king kilual; (b) ibat king tagiliran, a bibilug rouleaux; (c) megi lang mabilug uli ning danum; (d) mika tela-ipan la (crenate) uli ning asin. deng (c) ampong (d) e la karaniwang mayayakit king katawan.]]

== Deng erythrocyte ning tau ==
Ing lapad ning karaniwan a erythrocyte ning tau [[1 E-6 m|6–8 µm]] ya - mas malati kesa karing keraklan kareng aliwang [[w:List of distinct cell types in the adult human body|cell ning tau]]. Atin yang manga aduang dalan pitung pulung miliun (270 million) a molecule ning hemoglobin ing karaniwan a erythrocyte, at magdala yang apat a heme group ing balang metung kareti.  

Maki manga [[1 E12|2–3 × 10<sup>13</sup>]] lang korpuskulos a malutu deng taung maragul na (maki apat la o limang miliun deng kareng babai, balang [[liter|microliter]] (millimetru kubiku o cubic millimeter) ning daya, at lima naman anggang anam a milium kareng lalaki; mas dakal ing kareng taung makatuknang kareng mangatas a lugal, nung nukarin mababa ing oxygen tension). Uli na niti, mas dakal a la reng korpuskulos a malutu kesa kareng aliwang dake ning daya. Ating  4,000–11,000 a [[w:korpuskulos a maputi]] ampong 150,000–400,000 a [[platelet]] king balang microliter ning daya ning tau.

King kabilugan, miraras adua puntu limang (2.5) gramu ning [[iron]] ing makabili kareng eganaganang daya ning karaniwang taung lalaking maragul na. Iti anam a pulu't limang porsientu (65%) ning eganaganang iron at atyu king katawan.<ref>[http://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/path/innes/nh/iron.cfm Iron Metabolism], University of Virginia Pathology. Accessed 22 September 2007.</ref><ref>[http://sickle.bwh.harvard.edu/iron_transport.html Iron Transport and Cellular Uptake] by Kenneth R. Bridges, Information Center for Sickle Cell and Thalassemic Disorders. Accessed 22 September 2007.</ref> (See [[Human iron metabolism]].)

== Pikuanan ==
{{reflist}}

== Suglung palual ==
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=rbcantigen.TOC&depth=2 ''Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens''] by Laura Dean. Searchable and downloadable online textbook in the public domain.
* [http://www.genomesize.com/cellsize/ Database of vertebrate erythrocyte sizes].
* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold Red Gold], [[PBS]] site containing facts and history

{{Transfusion medicine}}
{{Blood}}

[[Category:Human cells]]
[[Category:Blood cells]]
[[Category:Respiration]]
[[Category:Hematology]]