Kakewan
Ing kakéwan o gúbat métung yang karinan ning gabun a kakampungan da réng pun dutung.[1] Dakal la réng kabaldugan ning kakéwan a magagámit karéng miáyayaliwang dáké ning yátu, a máglangkap karéng bágéng anti king kapal da réng pun dútung, ka(tas) da réng pun dútung, gámit ning lóti, kábilian a pang-batas o pang-léyi, ampóng gámit king ecolohia.[2][3][4] Agpang king Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ning Misásanmetung a Bangsâ (United Nations), ing kakéwan "Gabun yang maki lépáran a maygit king 0.5 hectarea a maki pun dútung a mas mátas king limang métru ampóng maki canopy a maygit apúlung porciento, o nung núkarin miraras la king anggánan déng pun dútung in situ. É kayábé kéni ing gabun a kéraklan magagámit king pámananáman o agricultura ó urban."[5] Nung gamítan ya ing kabaldúgan a ini, ábálu ning Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FRA 2020) a bibilúgan da réng kakéwan ing manga 4.06 billon a hectarea, o manga 31 porciento ning gabun king yátu anyang 2020.[6]
Déng kakéwan ding pékamaragul a ecosystem king Yátu king léparan, at mayayákit la king mabílug a yátu.[7] 45 porcientu ning gabun a tutúring dang kakéwan ing mayayákit karéng lugal a tropical. Katukí la kaníti déng kakéwan king clímang subarctic, at ing katuki da déng karéng lugal a temperate, ampóng subtropical[8]
Déng kakéwan ing bíbílug king 75 porciento ning gross primary production ning biosphere ning Yátu, at bibilúgan dé reti ing o 80 porciento ning biomass na ibat karéng tanáman. Tatantian dang ing Net primary production 21.9 gigatons ning of biomass bálang banwa karéng tropical a kakéwan, 8.1 karéng temperate a kakéwan, at 2.6 karéng boreal a kakéwan.[7]
Daléráyan
[mag-edit | alilan ya ing pikuwanan]- ↑ Forest.
- ↑ Compilation of Forestry Terms and Definitions. European Forest Institute (2002).
- ↑ Definitions: Indicative definitions taken from the Report of the ad hoc technical expert group on forest biological diversity. Convention on Biological Diversity (30 November 2006).
- ↑ Forest definition and extent. United Nations Environment Programme (27 January 2010). Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved on 16 October 2023.
- ↑ (2018) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Terms and definitions. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
- ↑ (2020) The State of the World's Forests 2020. In brief – Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome: FAO & UNEP. DOI:10.4060/ca8985en. ISBN 978-92-5-132707-4.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Pan, Yude; Birdsey, Richard A.; Phillips, Oliver L.; Jackson, Robert B. (2013). "The Structure, Distribution, and Biomass of the World's Forests". Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 44: 593–62. doi:. Archived from the original. You must specify the date the archive was made using the
|archivedate=parameter. http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/jrnl/2013/nrs_2013_pan_001.pdf. - ↑ (2020) The State of the World's Forests 2020. In brief – Forests, biodiversity and people. Rome, Italy: FAO & UNEP. DOI:10.4060/ca8985en. ISBN 978-92-5-132707-4.
Suglung palwal
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- Forests in danger
- Intact Forests with maps and reports (archived 8 September 2015)
- Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 by the Food and Agriculture Organization
- CoolForests.org – Conservation Cools the Planet (archived 24 January 2008)
- Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems
- Forest area (sq. km) data from the World Bank's World Development Indicators, made available by Google
- Luck Baker, Andrew (18 November 2008). "The first forests – Discovery 2008", BBC Online.
- The World's 10 Most Threatened Forest Hotspots. Conservation International (2 February 2011).
Schlich, Wilhelm; Pinchot, Gifford (1911). "Forests and Forestry". in Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 645–660.
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